A thermal shock can unexpectedly damage kitchenware when subjected to sudden, significant temperature changes. Pots, pans, and other cooking equipment are particularly susceptible to this. But how exactly does this process work, and why does it sometimes lead to cracks or warping?

What is thermal shock?

Thermal shock occurs due to a sudden and significant temperature change that creates tension within a material. When heated, the molecules within the material expand, and when cooled, they contract. During a rapid temperature shift, such as placing a hot pan under cold water, this expansion or contraction happens unevenly across different parts of the material. This uneven change results in internal tension because the outer layer cools or heats faster than the inner part. The resulting stress can cause the material to warp, crack, or even break, especially in materials like glass, ceramics, and cast iron, which are less flexible and unable to adjust quickly to temperature shifts.

Examples of thermal shock in the kitchen

Thermal shock is common in the kitchen. Here are a few examples:

• Rinsing a hot pan with cold water: Placing a hot pan directly under cold water can cause warping or cracking due to the rapid temperature change.
• Heating a pan too quickly: Thermal shock can occur if a pan is heated too rapidly, for instance by cooking on full power immediately. This creates tension within the material, which can lead to warping or cracking.
• Placing a warm dish on a cold surface: Glass or ceramic dishes can crack if put under cold water or on a cold surface right after use.
• Putting a cold dish in a hot oven: Placing a chilled ceramic dish directly from the fridge into a preheated oven can cause cracks or breaks from the sudden heating.
• Filling a cold glass with hot water: Pouring boiling water into a cold glass can lead to cracking from the rapid temperature shift.

Thermal shock and different materials

Certain materials are more vulnerable to thermal shock than others. Glass and ceramics, for example, are particularly prone to breaking from abrupt temperature changes. Cast iron is more robust, though it can still warp under extreme differences. Stainless steel is somewhat less susceptible but can occasionally deform. For all materials, however, gradual and consistent temperature changes significantly reduce the risk of damage.

Preventing thermal shock

To avoid thermal shock in the kitchen, it's essential to handle sudden temperature changes in cookware with care. Allow pans to warm gradually, and avoid direct high heat to prevent warping or damage. With proper care and patience, your cookware remains durable and lasts longer.